Wio Terminal USB 从设备

本文主要介绍如何将 Wio-Terminal 用作一个 USB 从设备（USB-Client），例如将其用作键盘、鼠标等人机接口设备（HID），以及用作乐器数字接口设备（MIDI）。

安装依赖库

首先需要为 Wio Terminal 安装 TinyUSB 库 Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino。

1、在 Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino 的 GitHub 仓库 下载 zip 包。

2、然后将 Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino 库安装到 Arduino IDE 中。具体操作：点击 项目 > 加载库 > 添加 .ZIP 库…，然后选择刚刚下载的 Adafruit_TinyUSB_Arduino.zip 文件。

将 Wio Terminal 用作键盘

Wio Terminal 上有三个按键，本示例将这三个按键映射成 i、o、t 三个字母键，当你按下它们时，就相当于按下你的实际键盘一样。这个功能可以轻松实现到你的设计中，帮助你未来完成更具挑战的任务。

安装依赖库

为了完成任务，我们还需要为 Wio Terminal 安装 Keyboard 库。

1、在 Arduino Keyboard Library 的 GitHub 仓库 下载 zip 包。

2、然后将 Arduino Keyboard Library 库安装到 Arduino IDE 中。具体操作：点击 项目 > 加载库 > 添加 .ZIP 库…，然后选择刚刚下载的 Keyboard.zip 文件。

完整代码

关于 USB Keyboard 的更多功能和玩法，请参考 Arduino 官方文档 keyboard functions。

#include "Keyboard.h" //keyboard library 

void setup() { 
  //set button pins as inputs
  pinMode(WIO_KEY_A, INPUT);
  pinMode(WIO_KEY_B, INPUT);
  pinMode(WIO_KEY_C, INPUT);
 
  Keyboard.begin(); //start keyboard communication
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(WIO_KEY_A) == LOW) { //detect button press
    Keyboard.write('t'); //single key is pressed (character) 
  }
  if (digitalRead(WIO_KEY_B) == LOW) {   
    Keyboard.write('o'); 
  }  
  if (digitalRead(WIO_KEY_C) == LOW) {        
    Keyboard.write('i');  
  } 

  delay(200); //delay between keypresses
}

将 Wio Terminal 用作鼠标

Wio Terminal 上有一个五向开关，本示例将这个五向开关模拟成鼠标移动，例如向上、向下、向左和向右。 此外，鼠标左键/右键单击、上/下滚动也可以实现。

安装依赖库

为了完成任务，我们还需要为 Wio Terminal 安装 Mouse 库。

1、在 Arduino Mouse Library 的 GitHub 仓库 下载 zip 包。

2、然后将 Arduino Mouse Library 库安装到 Arduino IDE 中。具体操作：点击 项目 > 加载库 > 添加 .ZIP 库…，然后选择刚刚下载的 Mouse.zip 文件。

完整代码

关于 USB Mouse 的更多功能和玩法，请参考 Arduino 官方文档 mouse functions。

/*    
 * A demo for Wio Terminal to simulate mouse by buttons.
 * Such as Mouse Up, Mouse Down, Mouse Left, Mouse Right,
 * Click the left mouse button, Click the right mouse button, 
 * Up roll, Down roll and etc.
 *   
 * Copyright (c) 2020 seeed technology co., ltd.  
 * Author      : weihong.cai (weihong.cai@seeed.cc)  
 * Create Time : July 2020
 * Change Log  : 
 *
 * The MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software istm
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS INcommInterface
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 * 
 * Usage(in Wio Terminal):
 *    Press the WIO_5S_UP    --------------------> Mouse Up
 *    Press the WIO_5S_DOWN  --------------------> Mouse Down
 *    Press the WIO_5S_LEFT  --------------------> Mouse Left
 *    Press the WIO_5S_RIGHT --------------------> Mouse Right
 *    Press the BUTTON_3 ------------------------> Click the left mouse button
 *    Press the BUTTON_2 ------------------------> Click the right mouse button    
 *    Press the WIO_5S_PRESS and WIO_5S_UP   ----> Up roll
 *    Press the WIO_5S_PRESS and WIO_5S_DOWN ----> Down roll
 * 
 * Some tips:
 * 1. If your PC unables to recognize USB device leading the Wio Terminal can’t work. 
 *    You can solve this problem through updating your ArduinoCore.
 *    Please follow this: https://forum.seeedstudio.com/t/seeeduino-xiao-cant-simulate-keys-pressed/252819/6?u=weihong.cai
 * 
 * You can know more about the Wio Terminal from: https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/Wio-Terminal-Getting-Started/
 * If you have any questions, you can leave a message on the forum: https://forum.seeedstudio.com
 */
 
#include "Mouse.h"
 
/*----------------define the button pins---------------------------*/ 
const int upButton        = WIO_5S_UP;
const int downButton      = WIO_5S_DOWN;
const int leftButton      = WIO_5S_LEFT;
const int rightButton     = WIO_5S_RIGHT;
const int mouseWheel      = WIO_5S_PRESS;
const int mouseBttonLeft  = BUTTON_3;
const int mouseBttonRight = BUTTON_2;
 
  // output range of X or Y movement; affects movement speed          
int range = 2;
 
  // response delay of the mouse, in ms
int responseDelay = 5;
 
  // the time record paramas
unsigned long _currentMillis;
unsigned long _previousMillis;
 
void setup() {
  // initialize the buttons' inputs:
  pinMode(upButton,         INPUT);
  pinMode(downButton,       INPUT);
  pinMode(leftButton,       INPUT);
  pinMode(rightButton,      INPUT);
  pinMode(mouseWheel,       INPUT);
  pinMode(mouseBttonLeft,   INPUT);
  pinMode(mouseBttonRight,  INPUT);
 
  // initialize mouse control:
  Mouse.begin();
}
 
void loop() {
  // read the button state:
  int upState                     = digitalRead(upButton);
  int downState                   = digitalRead(downButton);
  int rightState                  = digitalRead(rightButton);
  int leftState                   = digitalRead(leftButton);
  int clickState_mouseWheel       = digitalRead(mouseWheel);
  int clickState_mouseButtonLeft  = digitalRead(mouseBttonLeft);
  int clickState_mouseButtonRight = digitalRead(mouseBttonRight);
 
  // calculate the movement distance based on the button states:
  int  xDistance = (leftState - rightState) * range;
  int  yDistance = (upState   - downState)  * range;
 
/*------------------Mouse Move--------------------------------------*/
  // if X or Y is non-zero, move:
  if ((xDistance != 0) || (yDistance != 0)) {
    Mouse.move(xDistance, yDistance, 0);
  }
 
/*-------------Mouse Button Left Click------------------------------*/
  // if the mouse button left is pressed:
  if (clickState_mouseButtonLeft == LOW) {
    // if the mouse is not pressed, press it:
    if (!Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {
      Mouse.press(MOUSE_LEFT);
      //Mouse.click(MOUSE_LEFT);
    }
  }
  // else the mouse button left is not pressed:
  else {
    // if the mouse is pressed, release it:
    if (Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_LEFT)) {
      Mouse.release(MOUSE_LEFT);
    }
  }
 
/*-------------Mouse Button Right Click-----------------------------*/
    // if the mouse button right is pressed:
  if (clickState_mouseButtonRight == LOW) {
    // if the mouse is not pressed, press it:
    if (!Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_RIGHT)) {
      Mouse.press(MOUSE_RIGHT);
      //Mouse.click(MOUSE_RIGHT);
    }
  }
  // else the mouse button right is not pressed:
  else {
    // if the mouse is pressed, release it:
    if (Mouse.isPressed(MOUSE_RIGHT)) {
      Mouse.release(MOUSE_RIGHT);
    }
  }
 
/*------------------Up roll----------------------------------------*/
  if ((upState == LOW) && (clickState_mouseWheel == LOW)) {
    Mouse.move(0, 0, 1);
    My_delay(200);
  }
 
/*------------------Down roll--------------------------------------*/
  if ((downState == LOW) && (clickState_mouseWheel == LOW)) {
    Mouse.move(0, 0, -1);
    My_delay(200);
  }
 
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
  // a delay so the mouse doesn't move too fast:
  My_delay(responseDelay);
}
 
// a delay function uses millis()
void My_delay(int Time)
{
  while((_currentMillis - _previousMillis) <= Time)
  {
      _currentMillis = millis();
  }
  _previousMillis = _currentMillis; 
}

将 Wio Terminal 用作 MIDI 设备

接下来这个示例，将介绍如何将 Wio Terminal 用作 USB MIDI（乐器数字接口）设备，它可以用来控制乐器！

本示例，我们将 Wio Terminal 连接到 Macbook 并使用 macOS 附带的“音频 MIDI 设置”（Audio MIDI Setup）应用程序进行测试。同时还可以在 Arduino IDE 中查看串行监视器中打印的数据。如果你有可用的 MIDI 设备，可以修改示例代码以获得更逼真的场景！

安装依赖库

为了完成任务，我们还需要为 Wio Terminal 安装 MIDI 库 arduino_midi_library。

1、在 Arduino MIDI Library 的 GitHub 仓库 下载 zip 包。

2、然后将 Arduino MIDI Library 库安装到 Arduino IDE 中。具体操作：点击 项目 > 加载库 > 添加 .ZIP 库…，然后选择刚刚下载的 arduino_midi_library.zip 文件。

完整代码

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>
#include <MIDI.h>
 
// USB MIDI object
Adafruit_USBD_MIDI usb_midi;
 
// Create a new instance of the Arduino MIDI Library,
// and attach usb_midi as the transport.
MIDI_CREATE_INSTANCE(Adafruit_USBD_MIDI, usb_midi, MIDI);
 
// Variable that holds the current position in the sequence.
uint32_t position = 0;
 
// Store example melody as an array of note values
byte note_sequence[] = {
  74,78,81,86,90,93,98,102,57,61,66,69,73,78,81,85,88,92,97,100,97,92,88,85,81,78,
  74,69,66,62,57,62,66,69,74,78,81,86,90,93,97,102,97,93,90,85,81,78,73,68,64,61,
  56,61,64,68,74,78,81,86,90,93,98,102
};
 
void setup()
{
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
 
  // Initialize MIDI, and listen to all MIDI channels
  // This will also call usb_midi's begin()
  MIDI.begin(MIDI_CHANNEL_OMNI);
 
  // Attach the handleNoteOn function to the MIDI Library. It will
  // be called whenever the Bluefruit receives MIDI Note On messages.
  MIDI.setHandleNoteOn(handleNoteOn);
 
  // Do the same for MIDI Note Off messages.
  MIDI.setHandleNoteOff(handleNoteOff);
 
  Serial.begin(115200);
 
  // wait until device mounted
  while( !USBDevice.mounted() ) delay(1);
}
 
void loop()
{
  static uint32_t start_ms = 0;
  if ( millis() - start_ms > 266 )
  {
    start_ms += 266;
 
    // Setup variables for the current and previous
    // positions in the note sequence.
    int previous = position - 1;
 
    // If we currently are at position 0, set the
    // previous position to the last note in the sequence.
    if (previous < 0) {
      previous = sizeof(note_sequence) - 1;
    }
 
    // Send Note On for current position at full velocity (127) on channel 1.
    MIDI.sendNoteOn(note_sequence[position], 127, 1);
 
    // Send Note Off for previous note.
    MIDI.sendNoteOff(note_sequence[previous], 0, 1);
 
    // Increment position
    position++;
 
    // If we are at the end of the sequence, start over.
    if (position >= sizeof(note_sequence)) {
      position = 0;
    }
  }
 
  // read any new MIDI messages
  MIDI.read();  
}
 
void handleNoteOn(byte channel, byte pitch, byte velocity)
{
  // Log when a note is pressed.
  Serial.printf("Note on: channel = %d, pitch = %d, velocity - %d", channel, pitch, velocity);
  Serial.println();
}
 
void handleNoteOff(byte channel, byte pitch, byte velocity)
{
  // Log when a note is released.
  Serial.printf("Note off: channel = %d, pitch = %d, velocity - %d", channel, pitch, velocity);
  Serial.println();
}